In 15th-century Yemen, Sufi monks discovered that roasted coffee beans boiled in water kept them awake during long nightly prayers. The rumor spread like wildfire. Suddenly, people could think, discuss, and create after sunset. The first coffeehouses were born in Mecca, Cairo, and Istanbul – quickly becoming the first public spaces where ideas were freely exchanged.
When coffee reached Europe in the 17th century, it replaced morning ale as the primary drink. In London, over 2,000 coffee houses opened within a few decades. Lloyd’s of London, the stock exchange, and scientific societies all started in coffee houses. The French Enlightenment was partly conceived over steaming cups at Café Procope in Paris.